Otec uses the heat differences between deep and shallow ocean waters to evaporate a fluid to run a steam turbine and generate. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. Renewable, reliable power renewable and reliable alternative energy is a critical need as the worlds oil supplies are depleted. Ocean thermal energy conversion research, development, and demonstration act 42 u. Otec plants pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater to run a power cycle and produce electricity. The practical problem is finding a way to extract that energy and make it available for. When otec is implemented in 5 % of the earth surface area which is 7% of the ocean covered area,less than 15 % of the tropical ocean area, the 3% conversion efficiency will be sufficient to provide energy at 0. Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering. This is referred to as otec for ocean thermal energy conversion. However, the temperature differential is small and this impacts the economic feasibility of ocean thermal energy for electricity. Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode the denser cold water masses, formed by ocean surface water interaction. Of all the new ocean energy sources, otec ocean thermal energy conversion seems to offer the best medium term prospects. Studies fete yfl plants xenunuc cf shore mechanicsand arctic tinotneermv. Such difference in temperature can be found tropical waters, where electricity can be produced 247.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable. Floating pilot units with capacities of the order of 10 to 40 mw will be in operation by 1985, according to present development plans. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which uses the oceans. Watch in 360 the inside of a nuclear reactor from the size of an atom with virtual reality duration. The heat engine converts this heat energy to a mechanical output. The types of ocean thermal energy conversion systems include closed, open, and hybrid. Vishwakarma institute of technology, pune, b tech mechanical engineering 14 conclusion ocean thermal energy conversion is a potential source of renewable energy that creates no emissions i. Makais otec work is conducted at the ocean energy research center oerc, located within the natural energy lab of hawaii authority nelha in kailua kona, hawaii. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler. Pdf this paper presents different roots of ocean thermal energy conversion otec strategies and. To proceed beyond experimental plants and towards commercialization in developed nations, a scaled version of a 100 mw plant must be designed and operated. This is the first true closedcycle ocean thermal energy conversion otec plant to be connected to a u.
Abstract ocean thermal energy conversion otec is the use of a high surface temperature of the water with the low temperature of the water at a certain depth thus creating a heat engine. Many oceans are very deep and the water at depths of 1,000 meters can be around 5 c. First introduced in 1881, otec has been described as an effective and renewable energy source. Hawaii flips switch on ocean thermal energy conversion.
Ocean thermalenergy conversion article about ocean thermal. An ocean thermal energy conversion power plant built by makai ocean engineering went operational in hawaii in august 2015. Pdf the ocean thermal energy conversion strategies and. In order to produce power with the low temperature range, a working fluid with low boiling point is used. Principle and preliminary calculation of ocean thermal. Most technologies to tap this huge resource are still in the developmental stages. And getting a right seminar for submission is really a tough task. With increases in energy prices and technical innovations over the last few years, otec systems, such the one produced by the ocean thermal energy corporation, are becoming viable technological solutions to help provide some of the worlds energy requirements.
The upper layer is warmed by the sun and mixed to depths of about 100 m by wave motion. Potential environmental impacts and fisheries christina m comfort, m. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine. Ocean thermal energy conversion development update. Cbse class 10 science sources of energy we will understand how the temperature difference between the water levels of the ocean can be used to generate electricity. This would be followed, in 20 to 30 years, with otec factories deployed along equatorial. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is considered as a promising resource of energy in the future. Pichtr honolulu, hi abstract the vertical temperature distribution in the open ocean can be simplistically described as consisting of two layers separated by an interface. It has a low environmental impact, can supply pure water for both drinking and agriculture purposes. Bigger the temperature difference, the higher will be the efficiency. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology uses a turbine generator to create renewable energy from the temperature difference between cold, deep seawater circulating in the ocean and surface seawater warmed by the sun.
The difference in temperature between the surface and the lower water layer can be as large as 50. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a way of getting useful energy from the worlds oceans. This constancy differs from the output of renewable resources such as wind and wave energy that sometimes produce intermittent electricity. Oceans act as incredibly large solar energy collectors, absorbing about 80% of the suns energy. Welcome to the okinawa prefecture deep sea water ocean thermal energy conversion otec demonstration facility. Ocean thermal energy seminar and ppt with pdf report.
Ocean thermal energy conversion, sometimes referred to as otec, is a form of renewable energy that utilizes the difference in ocean temperature at various depths and converts it to a heat engine. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface ocean waters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. The working fluid in such a cycle will need to have a low boiling point. Oct 26, 2017 ocean thermal energy conversion ocean thermal energy conversion otec is an electricity generation system in equatorial areas the temperature between the warm surface water and the deep cold ocean water differs by about 20c. At one point, we all have to make ppt of any topic and submit its report. Ocean thermalenergy conversion article about ocean. Ocean thermal energy conversion research papers academia. Tt documents work done by the seri materials, systems analysis, and solar thermal conversion branches on task 3127. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is an energy technology that makes use of the oceans temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deeper water to drive a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion systems convert the energy available in the temperature gradient of the warm surface. Ocean thermal energy conversion for many years, scientists have been aware of one enormous reservoir of energy on the earths surface. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec makes use of the temperature differences between the deep cold and relatively warmer surface waters of the ocean to generate a constant, clean source of electricity. Jan 22, 2017 vishwakarma institute of technology, pune, b tech mechanical engineering 14 conclusion ocean thermal energy conversion is a potential source of renewable energy that creates no emissions i.
Warm seawater is taken in from the surface of the oceans and cold water from the deep at 5 o. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec the oceans harness within themselves two types of energy. The suns heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, which creates the oceans naturally available temperature gradient, or thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Overall, ocean thermal energy conversion is a great possible way to produce clean renewable energy without any harmful emissions. The governor of hawaii, david ige, flipped the switch to activate the plant.
Join us in exploring this exciting path into the future. There are many benefits to otec, but there is also some cons. The heat stored in the ocean can be converted into electricity by means of a process called ocean thermal energy conversion otec, which uses the oceans natural temperature gradient to drive a turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity. Since it is an ecofriendly resource, this does not mean that it is a purely clean resource. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion. The conversion of energy arising from the temperature difference between warm surface water of oceans and cold deepocean current into electrical energy or other useful forms of energy. Otec is not like wind power or solar power which are intermittent, because the technology can operate on a 247 basis. View ocean thermal energy conversion research papers on academia. The heat stored in the ocean can be converted into electricity by means of a process called. Actual ocean thermal energy conversion efficiency at any location is likely to be around 3 %. The pros are otec is fuel free, has a low environmental impact, can supply pure water for both drinking and agriculture, can supply refrigeration and.
Hawaii flips switch on ocean thermal energy conversion plant, harvesting clean energy from the sea its the first plant plant of its kind. Cost effective otec ocean thermal energy conversion. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec abdullah mohammed aldale department of electrical engineering university of south florida, usa academic researcher king abdullaziz city for science and technology, saudi arabia abstract. Solar energy or energy from the sun is contained in. Ocean thermal energy conversion, or otec, uses seawater to turn solar energy into electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion is a process using the heat energy that is stored in the ocean.
Energy conversion 1st edition by patrick takahashi author, andrew trenka author isbn. The mechanical is derived from gravity which moves the tides and waves. Jan 29, 2018 cbse class 10 science sources of energy we will understand how the temperature difference between the water levels of the ocean can be used to generate electricity. A signircant fraction of solar radiation incident on the ocean is retained by seawater in tropical. Closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion systems use a working fluid with a low boiling point, ammonia for example, and use it to power a turbine to generate electricity. Here youll find a collection of information on this historic project, as well as information on otec technology, news, and posts from facility staff. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec generates electricity indirectly from solar energy by harnessing the temperature difference between the sunwarmed surface of tropical oceans and the colder deep waters. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable energy. Paul rappaport for his encouragement during the initial stages of this work. What is otec ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a marine renewable energy technology that harnesses the solar energy absorbed by the oceans to generate electric power. It relies on the oceans thermal gradient the temperature decline from the sunwarmed waters on the surface to. This means that every day, the oceans on our planet absorb solar energy equivalent to 250 billion barrels of oil, and if we could convert 0. Process and technology status ocean thermal energy conversion. A marine renewable energy production system for tropical areas ocean thermal energy conversion unlimited ocean thermal.
The warm seawater vaporizes the fluid in the heat exchanger which then turns the turbines of the. It relies on the oceans thermal gradient the temperature decline from the sunwarmed waters on the surface to the cold waters found at great depths. As sunlight falls on the oceans, its energy is absorbed by seawater. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process or technology for producing energy by harnessing the temperature differences thermal gradients between ocean surface waters and deep ocean waters. The conversion of energy arising from the temperature difference between warm surface water of oceans and cold deep ocean current into electrical energy or other useful forms of energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion karen anne finney university of guelph, guelph, ontario, n1g 2w1, canada ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that employs the natural temperature difference between the surface and the depths of the ocean.
Pdf a closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion basically involves a working. Ocean thermal energy conversion simple english wikipedia. Ocean thermal energy conversion 3 thermodynamic efficiency a heat engine gives greater efficiency when run with a large temperature difference. How will ocean thermal energy conversion help the environment.
The sun shines on the oceans of the world and in the hot parts near the water at the seas surface can be quite warm, sometimes as high as 30c. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technolo gy has been proposed as a solu %ion for clean, renewable alterna %ive energy. Noaa office for coastal management about the office. The low energy conversion efrciency of otec means that more than 90% of the thermal energy extracted from the ocean s surface is wasted and must be rejected to the cold, deep sea water. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec harnesses the difference in temperature between surface waters about. Otec an attractive energy solution renewable energy a catalyst for economic growth wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, hydropower no single technology provides an ideal solution otec advantages baseload power 24 hoursday, 365 days a year high operating capacity reliable and consistent. The ocean thermal energy conversion strategies and analysis of current challenges conference paper pdf available september 2007 with 2,763 reads how we measure reads. It is one of the renewable energy resources that do not arise any indeed harmful impact on our environment. Ocean thermal energy conversion produces energy from temperature differences in ocean waters.
Apr 15, 2020 welcome to the okinawa prefecture deep sea water ocean thermal energy conversion otec demonstration facility. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion potential in developing member countries. The ocean is a huge storehouse of energythe sun heats the surface, wind creates waves, and tidal forces exerted by the sun and the moon create tidal fluxes. Ocean thermal energy conversion act oteca of 1980 limits the ownership, construction and. During the last few years, however, new options for energy out at sea have been introduced. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica. Two major ocean thermal technologies are of interest in. Predictable and continuous, the energy produced in this way is particularly environmentally friendly and decarbonised. The thermodynamic cycle rankine produces energy due to the temperature difference between a heat source and a cold source. Principle and preliminary calculation of ocean thermal energy. A leader in ocean thermal energy conversion commercialization author. Ammonia will be used as the working fluid in this cycle. A project certified by the department of energy doe as a demonstration project is exempt from being required to obtain an otec license from noaa, pursuant to the.
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